Like many of the other diseases and conditions that have become household names, Osteoarthritis is best understood if you break down the Latin meaning for the word. The first part of the word is osteo which means bone. The second part is arth which means joints and the last part is itis which means inflammation or swelling. So if you string those parts together you get the definition of a swelling or enlargement of the bones inside joints. Your joints are area where two bones come together. They are areas that you are able to move such as your shoulder, knees or knuckles. Hahving arthritis in those joints will cause them not to move freely and may cause pain every time they do move. This can make even the simplest of tasks extremely hard.
The most common joints to be affected by arthritis are the spine, hip, hand, knee, and foot, but some people get it in other joints too.
There is currently no cure for arthritis, but it is possible to be able to manage the symptoms effectively and even to halt the progression of the disease. Arthritis is most common in late middle aged to senior citizens, but some people as young as there late 20s and 30s can get it.
Causes Of Osteoarthritis
There are likely several factors contributing to the development of arthritis in any given case: being overweight, the age of the patient, a previous injury to the joint, and even genetics may be some of the contributing factors.
Inside your joints there is a soft pad on both of the bones that articulate at that joint. This soft pad is called cartilage. It acts as a shock absorber and protects the bones from wearing on each other. In the case of arthritis, the cartilage breaks down and leaves bone wearing on bone. Over time the bones themselves actually change and once that has happened, there can be large deformations of the joint and very little movement will be possible.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
Pain: There may be burning or even sharp pains in your joints which may be worse at night. Generally speaking, if your arthritis pain is keeping you up at night, the disease is progressing and you should have it evaluated by a doctor.
Stiffness: Because arthritis limits the flexibility of a joint, when you sit for a long period of time or after getting up in the morning, you may feel extremely stiff and sore.
Muscle weakness: If it hurts to move a joint, the joint gets moved less and if the joint gets moved less, the muscles that would normally move that joint begin to atrophy. Swelling: One of your body’s reactions to injury is to flood the area with blood so that it can aid in healing. Unfortunately that swelling can cause tenderness and soreness in the case of arthritis.
Deformed joints: You’ve probably seen a grandparent with fingers that look as though they bend in the wrong places, right? Unfortunately this is what the final stages of osteoarthritis looks like and it can be very painful.
Reduced range of motion and loss of use of the joint: Your body is an amazing thing. It will recognize that there is something wrong with your joint and will begin to grow out little bits of bone called osteophytes from both bones in the joint. These osteophytes reduce movement and may even eventually fuse the joint into one immovable bone.
Cracking and creaking: A healthy joint makes no noise, but a joint with arthritis may make small crunchy noises that are known as crepitus.
Diagnosing Osteoarthritis
Your doctor will want to take comprehensive health history from you. He will want to rule out any other causes for your joint pain before giving you a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Be sure to give as full and complete answers as you can. Here are some questions he might ask:
Is the pain burning, aching, or sharp?
Are your joints stiff in the morning? If yes, how long does the stiffness last?
Do you have any joint swelling?
One of the other diagnostic tools at your doctor’s disposal is X-rays. If your joints are tender and swollen, he may send you to get them x-rayed. Getting x-rayed will also tell you the stage of your arthritis.
Based on the answers you give in your health history, you may also be sent for other tests to rule out any other causes for your arthritis.
Treating Osteoarthritis
One of the amazing things about being human is that each and every one of us is different from all the rest. In medicine, this fact is unfortunate in that it means that what works for some may not work for others. You need to work with your doctor to find solutions that work for you. Often, it isn’t one single treatment that is effective, but a combination of treatments.
Here is a list of treatments that may be available to you:
Pain Medicine. There are a wide range of medications to regulate arthritis pain. They range from over the counter drugs such as acetaminophen (for example, Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. If these don’t help, you may need to get a prescription for more powerful pain medications. Talk to your doctor about which option is right for you.
Heat or Cold. Cold reduces inflammation and numbs pain which makes using a cold pack after exercise a good idea. Heat on the other hand may help you loosen up before an activity.
Weight Loss. Having excess body fat means that you are putting extra force on the joint each time you use it. Reducing your weight is sometimes all that is needed to relieve your symptoms.
Regular Exercise. Because arthritis reduces muscle mass around the joint, it is important to exercise those muscles. Strengthening those muscles will take pressure off the joint which should slow the wearing down process on your cartilage.
Surgery. The last resort is to have surgery to replace the joint. The new joint should allow normal use of the area, but keep in mind that artificial joints do not last as long as natural joints and you may need to have it replaced again in the future.
There are also a wide range of assistive devices that may be of benefit to you. Ask your doctor what can be done to make your activities of daily living more manageable.
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